Tag: #architecture
Writing on GPUs, LLMs, MLOps, Kubernetes — and mindset · 100 posts
Designing the Coexistence of Legacy WebSSO and Modern IAM — Architecture Patterns for the Hybrid Transition Era
The transition from legacy WebSSO to modern IAM lasts for years. We organize four coexistence patterns — protocol bridges, reverse-proxy header injection, identity orchestration, and the strangler fig — along with sessio
2026-06-12 · 18 min read #iam#sso#keycloak#siteminder#architectureDesigning SSO for Multi-Tenant SaaS — An Architecture for Enterprise Customer Onboarding
In B2B SaaS, supporting SSO means federating with each customer IdP. This post designs multi-tenant SSO end to end: realm-per-tenant vs Keycloak Organizations, email-domain home realm discovery, domain verification, JIT
2026-06-12 · 16 min read #sso#saas#keycloak#oidc#samlLocal-First Software Design — An Alternative Architecture for the Age of Cloud Fatigue
As cloud fatigue grows in 2026, local-first architecture is back in the spotlight. From the seven ideals of Ink and Switch to sync engine design, using CRDTs from a design perspective, an ecosystem comparison of Electric
2026-06-12 · 19 min read #local-first#architecture#crdt#sync-engine#offline-firstMobile Native Development Complete Guide 2025: Swift, Kotlin, SwiftUI vs Jetpack Compose
Everything about mobile native development! Swift 6 vs Kotlin 2.0, SwiftUI vs Jetpack Compose comparison, MVVM/Clean Architecture, async (Swift Concurrency vs Coroutines), DI, testing, performance, release process.
2026-04-15 · 15 min read #mobile#ios#android#swift#kotlinArchitecture Case Studies — Netflix, Stripe, Cloudflare, Shopify in 2025
Netflix's 7,000 microservices, Stripe's Ruby monolith, Cloudflare's Workers ecosystem, Shopify's Black Friday scaling — real architecture drawn from public engineering blogs.
2026-04-15 · 13 min read #architecture#case-study#netflix#stripe#cloudflareClean Architecture & Hexagonal Architecture Complete Guide 2025: Dependency Inversion, Ports & Adapters
Everything about Clean Architecture! Uncle Bob Clean Architecture, Hexagonal (Ports & Adapters), Onion Architecture, Dependency Rule (outer to inner), Layers (Entity/UseCase/Interface/Framework), testability, framework i
2026-04-14 · 24 min read #clean-architecture#hexagonal#onion#ports-adapters#dependency-inversionThe Complete Guide to API Design & Microservices Architecture
From REST, GraphQL, and gRPC API design principles to microservices patterns, service mesh, event-driven architecture, and distributed transactions.
2026-04-12 · 16 min read #architecture#api#microservices#rest#grpcSystem Design Fundamentals — Scalability, Availability, Caching, and Message Queues
Core concepts for designing large-scale systems. Horizontal/vertical scaling, load balancing, caching, message queues, database design, and the CAP theorem.
2026-04-12 · 17 min read #architecture#system-design#scalability#caching#message-queueHow Is Large-Scale Software Developed, Managed, and Maintained? — Including SW Update Systems
How is software with millions of lines of code, developed by thousands of engineers, built, updated, and maintained? A deep dive from architecture to deployment strategies and auto-update systems.
2026-04-11 · 11 min read #devops#software-engineering#architecture#update-system#large-scaleSystem Design Interview Complete Guide 2025: Scalable Architecture, Availability, and Design Patterns
Everything about system design interviews! 4-step framework, scalability (horizontal/vertical), load balancing, caching (Redis/CDN), DB sharding, CAP theorem, message queues, real-world designs (URL Shortener/Twitter/Net
2026-03-25 · 21 min read #system-design#scalability#availability#load-balancing#cachingMicroservices Architecture 2025 Complete Guide: From Monolith to MSA, and Back to Modular Monolith
Everything about microservices! Monolith vs MSA vs Modular Monolith, DDD service decomposition, communication patterns (gRPC/REST/events), Service Mesh (Istio), Saga pattern, OpenTelemetry observability, and deployment s
2026-03-23 · 28 min read #microservices#monolith#modular-monolith#service-mesh#istioStartup Tech Stack Selection Guide 2025: Technical Decisions from 0→1 to Series B
Complete startup tech stack guide! MVP stage (Next.js+Supabase+Vercel), growth stage (K8s+RDS+Redis), scale stage (MSA+Kafka+ElasticSearch) — stage-by-stage technology selection criteria, cost optimization, and how tech
2026-03-23 · 26 min read #startup#tech-stack#mvp#scaling#architectureSystem Design Interview 2025: Top 30 FAANG Questions and the New AI/ML Design Round
70%+ of senior candidates face system design rounds. 80% of questions focus on 20% of core concepts. Complete guide covering 2025 new AI/ML system design questions, real-time systems (18/30 problems), and the 45-minute f
2026-03-22 · 23 min read #system-design#interview#faang#architecture#scalability[Architecture] Complete Guide to LiteLLM: Unified Serving of 100+ LLMs
A comprehensive guide on integrating 100+ LLMs through a single API with LiteLLM, covering Proxy server setup, cost tracking, rate limiting, load balancing, and production deployment.
2026-03-20 · 15 min read #architecture#litellm#llm#ai-gateway#mlopsvirt-handler Deep Dive: What the VM Node Agent Next to kubelet Does
Analyzes why virt-handler is deployed as a per-node DaemonSet, how it bridges launcher Pods and libvirt domains, and how it handles networking, storage, and status reporting.
2026-03-20 · 6 min read #architecture#kubevirt#kubernetes#virt-handler#virtualizationHow Disks and Volumes Attach to VMs
Describes the preparation process through which container disks, PVCs, DataVolumes, hostDisks, and hotplug volumes become guest disks in KubeVirt, based on source code.
2026-03-20 · 5 min read #architecture#kubevirt#storage#pvc#datavolumeSELinux, seccomp, Device Access: How KubeVirt Maintains Security Boundaries
Analyzes how KubeVirt combines SELinux, seccomp, cgroup device rules, and privileged helpers to simultaneously maintain VM execution and security boundaries, based on internal code.
2026-03-20 · 6 min read #architecture#kubevirt#security#selinux#seccompHow Multus and Secondary Networks Connect in KubeVirt
Explains how KubeVirt connects secondary networks to VMIs using NetworkAttachmentDefinition, Multus annotations, and interface status updates.
2026-03-20 · 5 min read #architecture#kubevirt#multus#cni#networkingLive Migration 1: From Migration CRD to Target Pod Creation
Explains from the control plane perspective how virt-controller orchestrates policy, capacity, timeouts, and target Pod creation after a VirtualMachineInstanceMigration object is created.
2026-03-20 · 6 min read #architecture#kubevirt#live-migration#controller#kubernetesEviction, Drain, Migration Failure Modes: How KubeVirt Handles Failures
Analyzes how KubeVirt handles node drain, eviction, live migration failures, post-copy irrecoverable states, and non-migratable conditions through status fields and code paths.
2026-03-20 · 6 min read #architecture#kubevirt#migration#eviction#drain