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Writing on GPUs, LLMs, MLOps, Kubernetes — and mindset · 3517 posts
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Distributed Databases 2025 — CockroachDB, Spanner, TiDB, Yugabyte, Aurora DSQL, Neon, PlanetScale, Turso, D1 (S7 E3)
The "just use one database" era is over. In 2024–2025 distributed SQL (CockroachDB, Spanner, TiDB, Yugabyte), serverless Postgres (Neon, Supabase, PlanetScale, Aurora DSQL), and edge SQLite (Turso/libSQL, Cloudflare D1)
2026-04-15 · 11 min read #database#distributed-sql#postgresql#cockroachdb#spannerDistributed Consensus Deep Dive — Paxos, Raft, ZAB, FLP, etcd, ZooKeeper, KRaft, BFT, CRDT (2025)
Why is it hard for a distributed system to merely "agree"? The shock of the FLP impossibility result, Lamport's Paxos and its infamous unintelligibility, how Raft changed the landscape, ZooKeeper's ZAB, the birth of KRaf
2026-04-15 · 15 min read #distributed-systems#consensus#paxos#raft#etcdThe Complete Developer Writing Guide: Design Doc, RFC, Blog, Book, Conference Talk (2025)
80% of a Staff+ engineer's influence comes from writing, not code. Breaking down Google's Design Doc template, the RFC processes of Rust/Python/Node, the blogs of Julia Evans/Dan Luu/Stratechery, the O'Reilly/Manning pub
2026-04-15 · 17 min read #writing#design-doc#rfc#tech-blog#conference-talkAnatomy of Famous Postmortems — Learning From the Failures of Cloudflare, Fastly, AWS, Knight Capital, and GitLab
Cloudflare 2022 BGP, Fastly taking down half the internet in 2021, the AWS S3 typo of 2017, Knight Capital losing $440M in 8 minutes, the GitLab DB wipe, and more — the patterns and lessons extracted from famous failures
2026-04-15 · 12 min read #postmortem#sre#outage#reliability#cultureeBPF Complete Guide — A Tiny VM Inside the Kernel: Verifier, JIT, CO-RE, Maps, Attach Points, XDP, LSM, sched_ext (2025)
Everything about eBPF — from cBPF in 1992 to eBPF in 2014 to schedext in 2024. The 11-register virtual machine ISA, the verifier's static analysis, JIT compilation, BTF and CO-RE, 17+ BPF map types, 200+ helper functions
2026-04-15 · 31 min read #linux#kernel#ebpf#bpf#xdp2025 Developer Tools Complete Guide: Modern Stack, AI Tools, Productivity, Emerging Tech
Every tool a developer should know in 2025! Modern IDEs (Cursor/Claude Code), terminal tools (Warp/Ghostty/Zed), build tools (Bun/Vite/Turbopack), AI coding assistants, productivity workflows, emerging tool trends.
2026-04-15 · 9 min read #developer-tools#modern-stack#productivity#ai-tools#ideThe Complete Product Sense Guide for Engineers: Customer Empathy, JTBD, North Star Metric, AB Testing, PMF, Prioritization, and Roadmaps (2025~2026)
"I am an engineer, product is the PM job" stops working in 2026. The three levels of customer empathy, the Jobs-to-be-Done frame, designing a North Star Metric, the failure patterns behind the 60% of AB tests that go wro
2026-04-15 · 15 min read #product-sense#jtbd#north-star-metric#ab-test#pmfDocker BuildKit & Image Layers Complete Guide 2025: LLB, Cache Mount, Multi-Stage, OCI, Build Optimization Deep Dive
Why is the same Dockerfile 10x faster with BuildKit? Image layer structure, BuildKit LLB, cache mount, multi-stage builds, OCI format, reproducible builds — a complete 720-line analysis of everything about modern contain
2026-04-15 · 26 min read #docker#buildkit#oci#image-layer#cache-mountThe Complete Guide to Developers and the Next Ten Years of AI: How to Survive and Thrive in the Copilot/Cursor/Claude Era (2025)
How Copilot, Cursor, Claude Code, and Devin are changing daily development work. Three scenarios (optimistic, neutral, pessimistic) for how the job changes over the ten years from 2025 to 2035. How the junior role change
2026-04-15 · 15 min read #ai-future#copilot#cursor#claude-code#agentic-codingDesign Systems and Tokens 2025 — Complete Guide: Radix, shadcn/ui, Chakra, Tamagui, Park UI, Ark UI, DaisyUI Compared, the W3C Design Tokens Standard, Figma Variables and Tokens Studio Integration, Component API Design, Accessibility, and Korean Enterprise Case Studies — Season 6 Ep 2
A design system is not CSS. It is the shared language of a product team. A 2025 comparison of major component libraries (Radix, shadcn/ui, Chakra, Tamagui, Park, Ark, DaisyUI), Headless vs Styled philosophies, the W3C De
2026-04-15 · 13 min read #design-system#design-tokens#radix#shadcn-ui#chakraDB Sharding & Partitioning Complete Guide 2025: Horizontal Scaling, Range/Hash/Directory, Resharding, Vitess
Everything about database sharding! Horizontal vs vertical partitioning, shard key selection, Range/Hash/Directory/Geographic sharding, hot spot problems, resharding, distributed transactions, Vitess/Citus/CockroachDB co
2026-04-15 · 15 min read #database#sharding#partitioning#horizontal-scaling#vitessElasticsearch, OpenSearch, and Lucene Internals — Inverted Index, BM25, Sharding, Vector Search, Hybrid RAG (2025)
Why is search hard? Lucene Segments and Merge, the math of Inverted Index, how BM25 beat TF-IDF, primary/replica shards and routing, Ingest pipelines, the Query DSL maze, kNN and HNSW, the 2021 Elastic vs AWS license war
2026-04-15 · 11 min read #elasticsearch#opensearch#lucene#search#vector-searchDB Index Master Guide 2025: B-Tree, Hash, GIN, BRIN, Composite Indexes, Query Plan Analysis
Everything about DB indexes. B-Tree internals, comparison of Hash/GIN/GiST/BRIN, composite index design, covering/partial/expression indexes, reading EXPLAIN ANALYZE, 10 reasons an index is skipped, real-world tuning cas
2026-04-15 · 10 min read #database#indexing#btree#hash#ginDatabase Query Optimizer Complete Guide 2025: Volcano, Cascades, Cost-Based, Cardinality Estimation — PostgreSQL/MySQL In-Depth Analysis
A single SQL statement can turn into hundreds of different execution plans. From Volcano to Cascades, how cost-based optimizers work, the pitfalls of cardinality estimation, and the internals of PostgreSQL and MySQL — a
2026-04-15 · 24 min read #database#query-optimizer#volcano#cascades#cost-basedDistributed Tracing Complete Guide 2025: OpenTelemetry, Jaeger, Tempo, Span Analysis, Sampling Strategies
Everything about distributed tracing! Trace/Span/Context Propagation, OpenTelemetry SDK + Collector, Jaeger vs Tempo vs Zipkin, W3C Trace Context, sampling strategies (Head/Tail/Probabilistic), auto-instrumentation, cost
2026-04-15 · 10 min read #distributed-tracing#opentelemetry#jaeger#tempo#observabilityDiffusion Models Deep Dive — DDPM, Latent Diffusion, Classifier-Free Guidance, DDIM, Stable Diffusion Complete Guide (2025)
Diffusion models — the foundation of Stable Diffusion, DALL-E, Midjourney, and Sora. This post dissects diffusion models from scratch. Forward/Reverse diffusion process, DDPM and the variational lower bound, the score-ba
2026-04-15 · 25 min read #diffusion#generative-ai#stable-diffusion#ddpm#machine-learningCRDT Complete Guide 2025: Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types, Local-First Collaboration, Yjs/Automerge
Everything about CRDTs! Conflict-free Replicated Data Types principles, State-based vs Operation-based, basic CRDTs (G-Counter/PN-Counter/G-Set/2P-Set/LWW-Register), advanced (Sequence/RGA/Yjs), local-first software, Aut
2026-04-15 · 12 min read #crdt#distributed-systems#local-first#collaboration#yjsData Engineering Complete Guide — Lakehouse, Streaming, dbt, Orchestration, Data Mesh (Season 2 Ep 8, 2025)
Data engineering is no longer "running ETL scripts." In 2025 a data engineer designs Lakehouse architectures (Iceberg, Delta, Hudi), combines Streaming (Flink, Kafka) with Batch (Spark), standardizes modeling with dbt, r
2026-04-15 · 10 min read #data-engineering#lakehouse#iceberg#delta-lake#hudiThe Science of Modern Web Performance — A Deep Dive into Core Web Vitals, INP, LCP, CLS, RUM, Lighthouse, Critical Rendering Path, and Speculation Rules (2025)
Why is my site slow? In 2024, INP officially replaced FID, reshaping the three Core Web Vitals, while the Speculation Rules API, Partial Hydration, HTTP/3, and Early Hints all matured simultaneously. This post traces why
2026-04-15 · 21 min read #web-performance#core-web-vitals#inp#lcp#clsDistributed Locks Complete Guide 2025: Redlock, Zookeeper, etcd, Fencing Token, Safe Implementation
Everything about distributed locks! Why it is hard, single Redis lock, Redlock algorithm, Martin Kleppmann critique, Zookeeper/etcd locks, Fencing Token, real-world implementation, pitfalls to avoid.
2026-04-15 · 13 min read #distributed-lock#redis#redlock#zookeeper#etcd