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Writing on GPUs, LLMs, MLOps, Kubernetes — and mindset · 3517 posts
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The Depth of TypeScript Type System — Structural Typing, Generics, Conditional, satisfies, tsc Go Port, Zod, tRPC (2025)
Why did TypeScript become "its own type language" rather than "types bolted onto JavaScript"? Structural typing, Mapped/Conditional/Template Literal Types, the small revolution of satisfies, type-level programming, Ander
2026-04-15 · 12 min read #typescript#types#zod#trpc#effect-tsData Governance, Lineage and PII Complete Guide: OpenLineage, Collibra, Atlan, DataHub, Unity, Polaris, GDPR, Korean PIPA (2025)
Season 5 Ep 7. The more data you accumulate, the murkier it becomes who uses it, where, why and how much. The OpenLineage standard, the four major data catalogs (Collibra, Atlan, DataHub, Alation), governance in Unity Ca
2026-04-15 · 13 min read #data-governance#lineage#pii#openlineage#collibraState Management Renaissance 2025 — Zustand, Jotai, Valtio, TanStack Query, Signals, XState, RSC (S6 E10)
Redux ruled state management for a decade. In 2024–2025 that quietly ended. Zustand, Jotai, Valtio, TanStack Query, Signals (Preact, SolidJS, React proposal), XState for state machines, and React Server Components each o
2026-04-15 · 8 min read #frontend#state-management#zustand#jotai#valtioService Mesh Deep Dive — Envoy, Istio, Linkerd, Cilium eBPF, Ambient Mesh, xDS/mTLS
Why sidecar proxies appeared — and why they are being abandoned. Envoy internals, xDS API flow, mTLS handshake, Ambient Meshs Ztunnel, and Ciliums sidecar-less eBPF mesh, all in one place.
2026-04-15 · 10 min read #service-mesh#envoy#istio#linkerd#ciliumModern Backend Frameworks 2025 — NestJS, Fastify, Hono, Elysia, Spring Boot, FastAPI, Go, Axum, tRPC, GraphQL, gRPC (S7 E2)
Which backend framework in 2026? This is a ranked tour through TypeScript (NestJS, Fastify, Hono, Elysia), JVM (Spring Boot, Micronaut), Python (FastAPI, Litestar), Go (Fiber, Echo, Chi), Rust (Axum, Actix), and API styl
2026-04-15 · 8 min read #backend#framework#nestjs#fastify#honoLock-Free Concurrency Programming Complete Guide 2025: Atomics, Memory Model, CAS, Lock-Free Data Structures
Everything about Lock-Free programming: atomics fundamentals, CPU memory models (x86 vs ARM), CAS (Compare-And-Swap), Lock-Free data structures (Queue/Stack/Hash), ABA problem, Hazard Pointers, RCU, Java/Rust/C++ compari
2026-04-15 · 11 min read #lock-free#concurrency#atomics#memory-model#casThe Complete Guide to LLM Security: Prompt Injection, Jailbreak, Red Team, OWASP LLM Top 10, EU AI Act (2025)
Across 2024–2025 a "security incident" is always among the TOP 3 causes of LLM product failure. 12 prompt injection variants, jailbreak techniques, data exfiltration, model extraction, red team automation (PyRIT/Garak),
2026-04-15 · 12 min read #llm-security#prompt-injection#jailbreak#red-team#owasp-llmPython Complete Guide — FastAPI, AsyncIO, Pydantic, uv, Polars, AI Engineering (Season 2 Ep 5, 2025)
Python used to be the "slow, GIL-locked" language. The 2024-2025 Python is a completely different beast — free-threading (No-GIL) experiment, JIT compiler, the revolutionary uv package manager, Polars with a Rust-backed
2026-04-15 · 11 min read #python#fastapi#asyncio#pydantic#uvFrontend Monitoring & Error Tracking 2025 — Sentry, Datadog RUM, PostHog, LogRocket, Session Replay, Source Maps, AI Anomaly Detection (S6 E8)
The moment you deploy, every user screen becomes a black box. 2025 Sentry vs Datadog RUM vs PostHog vs LogRocket vs Bugsnag, source-map hygiene, the ethics of session replay, Core Web Vitals integration, AI-powered anoma
2026-04-15 · 7 min read #monitoring#error-tracking#sentry#datadog#posthogObservability Complete Guide — Metric, Log, Trace, OpenTelemetry, eBPF, SLO (Season 2 Ep 9, 2025)
"If you cannot observe it, you cannot operate it." Observability is the superset of logging and monitoring — the ability to infer unknown unknowns from system state alone. This post covers the Metric, Log, Trace three-pi
2026-04-15 · 11 min read #observability#opentelemetry#prometheus#grafana#lokiPostgreSQL Internals Deep Dive — MVCC, VACUUM, WAL, Query Planner, Index, Partitioning, pgvector (2025)
Why did PostgreSQL become "the second most powerful DB after Oracle"? MVCC tuple versioning and the VACUUM burden, WAL and streaming replication, how the Query Planner builds execution plans, choosing among B-Tree/GIN/BR
2026-04-15 · 14 min read #postgresql#database#mvcc#query-optimization#infraThe Complete Guide to Multimodal LLMs: Vision, Document Understanding, OCR, Video, Audio, and the Specifics of Korean (2025)
The text-only era is over. In 2025, LLMs handle images, documents, video, and audio naturally. GPT-4o/Claude 3.5/Gemini/Qwen2-VL/Pixtral compared, Document AI and layout understanding, the modernization of OCR, video and
2026-04-15 · 14 min read #multimodal#vision-llm#document-ai#ocr#whisperOLAP Engines 2025 Comparison Guide: DuckDB, ClickHouse, Snowflake, StarRocks, Pinot, Druid, Trino, Benchmark Traps, Engine Placement (2025)
Season 5 Ep 3. No single engine covers all of OLAP. DuckDB brings the single-node revolution, ClickHouse handles real-time OLAP, Snowflake and BigQuery offer managed convenience, StarRocks, Doris, Pinot and Druid take on
2026-04-15 · 12 min read #olap#duckdb#clickhouse#snowflake#bigqueryGraphQL Federation Complete Guide 2025: Apollo Federation, Supergraph, Distributed GraphQL
Everything about GraphQL Federation: Schema Stitching vs Federation, Apollo Federation v2, Subgraph design, Entity and @key, Reference Resolver, Composition, Router, Netflix/Airbnb cases, migration strategy.
2026-04-15 · 8 min read #graphql#federation#apollo#supergraph#microservicesLSM-Tree Deep Dive — RocksDB, LevelDB, Compaction, Bloom Filter, Write Amplification (2025)
Everything about LSM-Tree — the 1996 O'Neil paper, Memtable and SSTable structure, WAL and flush, Leveled vs Tiered vs Universal compaction, Bloom filters and read path, the RUM conjecture (Read-Update-Memory), RocksDB c
2026-04-15 · 13 min read #lsm-tree#rocksdb#leveldb#cassandra#scyllaKafka and Event-Driven Architecture Deep Dive — Partition/ISR, Exactly-Once, Outbox, Schema Registry, Flink
Many use Kafka; few understand its internals. Partitions and Leader/ISR, Log Segment physical layout, Exactly-Once Semantics truth, Transactional Outbox, Event Sourcing vs CDC, Schema Registry, and 100ms SLA techniques.
2026-04-15 · 9 min read #kafka#event-driven#streaming#exactly-once#schema-registryGit Internals Deep Dive — Object Model, Packfile, Merge Algorithms, Reflog, Protocol (2025)
Git is a tool every developer uses daily but most treat as a black box. This guide dissects Git from first principles: its essence as a content-addressable filesystem, the blob/tree/commit/tag object model, SHA-1 hash ch
2026-04-15 · 15 min read #git#version-control#object-model#packfile#mergeNode.js Event Loop & libuv Internals — 6 Phases, Microtasks, Worker Threads, V8 Heap (2025)
The real answer to "Node.js is single-threaded, so why is it fast?" Dissecting libuvs 6 Event Loop phases (Timers, Pending Callbacks, Idle, Poll, Check, Close), process.nextTick vs Promise microtask priority, setImmediat
2026-04-15 · 11 min read #nodejs#libuv#event-loop#v8#asyncThe Practical Value of Functional Programming — Monad, Functor, Pure Functions, Haskell, Erlang/Elixir, Gleam, Effect-TS, Phoenix LiveView (2025)
What React Hooks, Redux, RxJS, Swift, Rust, and Kotlin share — the philosophy of functional programming. How Church's 1930s lambda calculus became 2020s distributed-systems reliability, why Monads are hard yet necessary,
2026-04-15 · 13 min read #functional-programming#monad#functor#pure-function#haskellLLM Evaluation & Observability: Eval Harness, LLM-as-Judge, Tracing, Regression Prevention (2025)
Claiming a new model "seems better" is not science. The 1 failure mode of 2025 LLM products is "not measuring". Eval harness design, LLM-as-judge pitfalls and calibration, 3-layer observability (Trace/Span/Metric), produ
2026-04-15 · 11 min read #llm-eval#observability#llm-judge#distributed-tracing#langsmith